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A descriptive, longitudinal and prospective investigation of 53 pregnant women, assisted at ''30 de Noviembre" Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba was carried out, aimed at determining the relationship between the biochemical factors and the nutritional state of the binomial mother-son, during 2014. Blood extractions were made in the first and third trimester of pregnancy in order to make biochemical determinations. The chi-square test of independence was used with a 5 % level of significance. There was an association between the biochemical variables in connection with the nutritional state of the binomial mother-son.  Among the adverse effects associated to the pregnant women poor nutrition there were: anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus and dyslipemias.