Find in Library

Bacterial canker of <i>Prunus</i>, affecting economically important stone fruit crops including cherry, peach, apricot and plum, is caused by the plant pathogen <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> (<i>P.s</i>.). Strains from two pathovars—<i>P.s.</i> pv. <i>syringae</i> (<i>Pss</i>) and <i>P.s</i>. pv. <i>morsprunorum</i> race 1 (<i>Psm</i>R1) and 2 (<i>Psm</i>R2)—in three phylogenetically distant clades have convergently evolved to infect <i>Prunus</i>. The bacteria enter woody tissues through wounds and leaf scars, causing black necrotic cankers. Symptoms are also produced on blossom, fruit and leaves. Little is known about the mechanisms <i>P.s.</i> uses to colonise tree hosts such as <i>Prunus</i>. Here, we created transposon (Tn) mutant libraries in one strain of <i>P.s.</i> from each of the three clades and screened the mutants on immature cherry fruit to look for changes in virulence. Mutants (242) with either reduced or enhanced virulence were detected and further characterised by in vitro screens for biofilm formation, swarming ability, and pathogenicity on leaves and cut shoots. In total, 18 genes affecting virulence were selected, and these were involved in diverse functions including motility, type III secretion, membrane transport, amino acid synthesis, DNA repair and primary metabolism. Interestingly, mutation of the effector gene, <i>hopAU1</i>, led to an increase in virulence of <i>Psm</i> R2.