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Macroautophagy/autophagy initiated by STING1 (stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1) is actively involved in viral infection; and it is known that interferon-inducible guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) exploit autophagy to defend the host against bacterial infection. Here we showed that in the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri), a close relative to primates, TbGBP1 (T. belangeri GBP1) interacts with TbSTING1 to initiate autophagy and inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection.