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Detección del virus de la tristeza de los cítricos por serología, microscopía e hibridación in situ
oleh: Patricia Rodríguez, Gloria Romero de Pérez, Mónica Guzmán
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | Universidad Nacional de Colombia 2009-08-01 |
Deskripsi
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: AGaramondPro-SemiboldItalic; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-SemiboldItalic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">In situ </span></em><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: #4d4d4d; font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">serological, microscopy and hybridization detection of CTV</span></strong></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Resumen: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">El virus de la tristeza de los cítricos (CTV) es perjudicial para la citricultura y causa la enfermedad llamada tristeza de los cítricos. Infecta las especies del género </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Citrus </span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">ocasionando la muerte de millones de árboles. Los síntomas son decaimiento rápido (QD) y acanalamiento de tallo (SP). En el trabajo se diagnosticó molecular y serológicamente al CTV en aislados provenientes de </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Citrus aurantifolia </span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">o Lima Tahití (LT) y </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Citrus madurensis </span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">(Lour) o Calamondino (Ca), y se realizaron estudios preliminares de detección viral por medio de microscopía óptica e hibridación </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">in situ</span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">. Se utilizó IC-RT-PCR e inmunoimpresión de tejido (IMI) expuesto a los anticuerpos monoclonales 3DF1+3CA5, y con el anticuerpo discriminante MCA 13 con técnica de Enzyme Linked Inmunossorbent Assay Doble Sándwich (</span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Elisa</span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">-DAS). La detección por microscopía se realizó sobre secciones de pecíolo de LT y C que se tiñeron con Azure A, y con acetato de uranilo y citrato de plomo. Para la hibridación </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">in situ </span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">se empleó una sonda marcada con digoxigenina dirigida hacia el gen de la proteína mayor de la cápside. Los resultados de IC-RT-PCR, IMI y Elisa fueron positivos para LT y C, indicando la presencia de variantes virales de tipo severo. Con microscopía de luz se detectaron inclusiones citoplasmáticas en las células acompañantes y del floema, confirmado con IMI y por hibridación </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">in situ</span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">. Se visualizaron inclusiones de partículas virales en el tejido vegetal con microscopía electrónica con cambios en la ultraestructura celular como presencia de grandes vacuolas propias de la infección viral. Este trabajo integra distintas técnicas diagnósticas sobre dos especies cítricas exóticas.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Palabras clave: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;">inmunoimpresión; </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Elisa; </span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hibridación; microscopía; CTV; <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>IC-RT-PCR.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> </span></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: AGaramondPro-Bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Abstract: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is deleterious for citriculture and causes citrus tristeza disease. CTV infects all citrus species thereby causing the death of millions of trees. Its main symptoms are quick decline (QD) and </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">stem pitting (SP). Serological, molecular and microscopy techniques were used in this work for diagnosing CTV in </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Citrus aurantifolia </span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">or Tahiti Lime (</span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Citrus latifolia Tanaka</span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">) (TL) and </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Citrus madurensis </span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">(Lour) or Calamondin (Ca) isolates. Petioles were tissue printed (IMI) and exposed to 3DF1+3CA5 monoclonal antibodies; they were then ELISA buffer extracted and exposed to a discriminant MCA 13 monoclonal antibody in a </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">double</span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">-antibody </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">sandwich </span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">indirect </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay </span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">(DASI-ELISA). </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Immunocapture reverse transcriptase</span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) amplification, using specific major coat protein gene (CPG) primers, was used on the ELISA buffer extracts as template. Optical and electron microscopy were used for detection on transversal sections of petiole and stained with azure A, uranyl acetate or lead citrate. Digoxygenin-labelled major CPG CTV probes were used for </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">in situ </span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">hybridisation of petioles printing. All IC-RT-PCR, IMI and ELISA results were positive for both LT and C, indicating the presence of severe viral variants. Light microscopy cytoplasm inclusions were detected in the phloem and accompanying cells, confirmed by IMI and </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">in situ </span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">hybridisation. Electron microscopy analysis revealed cellular abnormalities with changes in ultrastructure and the presence of big vacuoles which are characteristic of cytoplasmic viral infection. This is the first work integrating all available diagnostic techniques on these two exotic citric species. <span style="color: black;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond-Bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Key words: </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">immunoimpression; </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond-Italic; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Elisa;</span></span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Garamond; mso-bidi-font-family: Garamond; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> hybridization; microscopy; CTV, IC-RT-PCR.</span></p>