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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat. Quality data on AMR are needed to tackle the rise of multidrug-resistant clones. These data are rare in low-income countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we investigated the rise of extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing (ESBL) <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> in Bangui, Central African Republic. We collected 278 fecal samples from 0–5-year-old children admitted to the Pediatric University Hospital Complex in Bangui from July to September 2021. <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> were isolated and identified, and their susceptibility to 19 antibiotics was tested. We recovered one and two <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> species from 208 and 29 samples, respectively. One clone of each species from each sample was further characterized, for a total of 266 isolates. <i>Escherichia coli</i> predominated, followed by <i>Klebsiella</i>. AMR was frequent, with 98.5% (262/266) of the isolates resistant to at least one antibiotic. Additionally, 89.5% (238/266) of the isolates were multidrug resistant, with resistance being frequent against all tested antibiotics except carbapenems and tigecycline, for which no resistance was found. Importantly, 71.2% (198/278) of the children carried at least one ESBL species, and 85.3% (227/266) of the isolates displayed this phenotype. This study confirms the rise of ESBL <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> in Bangui and stresses the need for action to preserve the efficacy of antibiotics, as crucial for the treatment of bacterial infections.