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<i>Aspergillus</i> species are cosmopolitan and ubiquitous, closely related to human daily life. They are also of food, industrial and medical importance. From the examination of cultures isolated from soil samples collected on tropical islands of China, four new species of the genus were discovered based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons. <i>Aspergillus xishaensis</i> sp. nov. and <i>A. neoterreus</i> sp. nov. belong to sections <i>Flavipedes</i> and <i>Terrei</i> of subgenus <i>Circumdati</i>, and <i>A. hainanicus</i> sp. nov. and <i>A. qilianyuensis</i> sp. nov. are in sections <i>Cavernicolarum</i> and <i>Nidulantes</i> of subgenus <i>Nidulantes</i>. To accommodate <i>A. hainanicus</i>, a new series <i>Hainanici</i> was proposed. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the new taxa were provided.