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Abstract Background The aim of this study is to explore the clinical value of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the diagnosis of aortic aneurysm. Methods The imaging data of 60 patients suspected of having aortic aneurysms who were examined in the Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from April 2017 to April 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. CTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were used to examine the patients, and CTA image findings were collected and compared with DSA findings. Results There was no significant difference in the accuracy of diagnosing aortic aneurysms (P > 0.05) between DSA [98.33% (59/60)] and CTA [95.00% (57/60)]. There was no significant difference in the diagnosis of image features (e.g., typing, site, form) of aortic aneurysms (P > 0.05). Conclusion CTA can be used to successfully confirm if patients suffer from an aortic aneurysm; it produces quality images with high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy and can be promoted in clinical practice.