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Both the chemical compositions and performance characteristics of the bentonite raw ores in Ezhou area of Hubei province and Honghuoshan area of Liaoning province were compared and analyzed. The properties of these two kinds of bentonites were tested before and after Na+- and Li+-modifi cation. The results show that the Ezhou bentonite ore possesses higher montmorillonite content than the Honghuoshan bentonite ore, but the Ezhou Na-bentonite has weaker castability (e.g. wet compression strength and hot wet tensile strength) than the Honghuoshan Na-bentonite, while the performance of Ezhou Li-bentonite, such as colloid index, swelling value, swelling volume and mould coating performance, is equivalent to that of the Honghuoshan Na-bentonite.