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Phosphogypsum concrete is a new kind of green and low-carbon building material, but its mechanical properties and frost resistance are worse than of standard concrete. In order to improve the durability of phosphogypsum concrete, a certain amount of steel fiber is considered. Using C40 phosphogypsum concrete as matrix, the effect of steel fiber on the freeze-thaw performance of phosphogypsum concrete was studied by adding different proportions of steel fiber. Through the orthogonal test of the antifreeze performance data of steel fiber and phosphogypsum concrete with different content ratio, it is concluded that the concrete with steel fiber content of 1.5% and phosphogypsum replacement rate of 60% has better antifreeze performance, and steel fiber can significantly reduce the freeze-thaw damage of phosphogypsum concrete. The test results show that the anti-cracking effect and anti-freezing property of phosphogypsum concrete are obviously enhanced when steel fiber is added to the concrete. The research results can provide reference for the application of steel fiber phosphogypsum concrete in construction projects in cold and frozen areas.