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In this paper, Ag@SiO₂ core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) with different shell thicknesses were prepared experimentally and introduced into the photosensitive layer of mesoscopic hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on carbon counter electrodes. By combining simulation and experiments, the influences of different shell thickness Ag@SiO₂ core-shell nanoparticles on the photoelectric properties of the PSCs were studied. The results show that, when the shell thickness of 0.1 wt% Ag@SiO₂ core-shell nanoparticles is 5 nm, power conversion efficiency is improved from 13.13% to 15.25%, achieving a 16% enhancement. Through the measurement of the relevant parameters of the obtained perovskite film, we found that this gain not only comes from the increase in current density that scholars generally think, but also comes from the improvement of the film quality. Like current gain, this gain is related to the different shell thickness of Ag@SiO₂ core-shell nanoparticles. Our research provides a new direction for studying the influence mechanism of Ag@SiO₂ core-shell nanoparticles in perovskite solar cells.