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Graphene-based fillers possess exceptional properties that encourage researchers toward their incorporation in glass–epoxy (GE) polymer composites. Regarding the mechanical and wear properties of glass–epoxy composites, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) reinforced in glass–epoxy was examined. A decrease in tensile modulus and increase in tensile strength was reported for 1 wt. % of GO. A shift in glass transition temperature <i>T_g</i> was observed with the addition of GO. The cross-link density and storage modulus of the composite decreased with the addition of GO. The decrease in dissipation energy and wear rate was reported with the increase in GO concentration. A simple one-dimensional damage model of nonlinear nature was developed to capture the stress–strain behavior of the unfilled and filled glass–epoxy composite. Tensile modulus <i>E</i>, Weibull scale parameter <i>σ_o,</i> and Weibull shape parameter <i>β</i> were considered to develop the model. Finally, to understand the failure mechanisms in GO-filled composites, a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination was carried out for tensile fractured composites.