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<i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> is an intestinal nematode that can induce disseminated infection in immunocompromised patients. It is most commonly acquired in tropical and subtropical countries; however, foci of the infection have also been reported in temperate geographic areas. In non-endemic areas, the diagnosis of an <i>S. stercoralis</i> infection is challenging due to the variety of clinical symptoms. Herein, we report the case of a patient, born and raised in the Calabria region of Southern Italy, who presented with melanoma and <i>S. stercoralis</i> hyperinfection, which is characterized by dyspnea, productive cough, inappetence, marked asthenia, weight loss, and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> bacteremia. He worked as a farmer and never traveled to another country known to be endemic for <i>S. stercoralis</i>. Despite the prompt identification of the parasite with sputum microscopy and the initiation of therapy with ivermectin and piperacillin–tazobactam, the patient later died. This case underscores the continued risk for <i>S. stercoralis</i> infection even in geographic areas that were previously considered non-endemic for the nematode and indicates that the geographic distribution of <i>S. stercoralis</i> may be expanding in Italy.