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Transcriptome and Methylome Analysis Reveal Complex Cross-Talks between Thyroid Hormone and Glucocorticoid Signaling at Xenopus Metamorphosis
oleh: Nicolas Buisine, Alexis Grimaldi, Vincent Jonchere, Muriel Rigolet, Corinne Blugeon, Juliette Hamroune, Laurent M. Sachs
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2021-09-01 |
Deskripsi
Background: Most work in endocrinology focus on the action of a single hormone, and very little on the cross-talks between two hormones. Here we characterize the nature of interactions between thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid signaling during <i>Xenopus tropicalis</i> metamorphosis. Methods: We used functional genomics to derive genome wide profiles of methylated DNA and measured changes of gene expression after hormonal treatments of a highly responsive tissue, tailfin. Clustering classified the data into four types of biological responses, and biological networks were modeled by system biology. Results: We found that gene expression is mostly regulated by either T<sub>3</sub> or CORT, or their additive effect when they both regulate the same genes. A small but non-negligible fraction of genes (12%) displayed non-trivial regulations indicative of complex interactions between the signaling pathways. Strikingly, DNA methylation changes display the opposite and are dominated by cross-talks. Conclusion: Cross-talks between thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids are more complex than initially envisioned and are not limited to the simple addition of their individual effects, a statement that can be summarized with the pseudo-equation: TH <b>∙</b> GC > TH + GC. DNA methylation changes are highly dynamic and buffered from genome expression.