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The present investigation aimed to determine the physiological profile of the best female water polo players in Serbia, with the purpose to use the obtained results as aguideline in the process of selection and planning of the sports form development. The parameters which should show physiological adaptation to specific kind and type of training were followed during preparatory period before the 2006 European Championship.Twelve water polo players (mean+/-SD: age 23.8+/-3.1 years, height 173.2+/-3.9 cm,body mass 65.7+/-7.4 kg, fat mass 17.8+/-5.3) of the Serbian women’s national waterpolo team participated in the investigation. The results of our investigation show great anaerobic capacity and muscular strength of upper body (mean+/-SD: peak power 8.05+/-0.8 W.kg-1, mean power 6.5+/-0.4 W.kg-1, very high aerobic endurance (mean+/-SD:VO2(max) 46.52+/-7.0 mL O2 (min-1kg-1) on arm ergometer, VO2 (max) 61.8+/-11.9 mL O2(min-1kg-1 on leg ergometer)) and high values of lung function parameters. The great strength of the upper body and pronounced aerobic endurance of the whole organism aredominant characteristics of elite female water polo players. Along with a relative lypronounced body height, and a low percentage of the fat tissue, these female athletes arevery well predisposed for adaptation on great physical demands over the whole match.