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In clinical practice, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and sleep disorders are two common diseases in the elderly, the correlation between the two is not clear yet. Studies have found that different types of sleep disorders have different mechanisms for the occurrence and development of CSVD. Sleep⁃disordered breathing is a vital risk factor for CSVD. However, non⁃breathing⁃related sleep disorders may not only increase the risk of CSVD, but also be an important clinical manifestation of the disease. Based on whether sleep disorders are related to breathing or not, this article reviews the correlation between CSVD and sleep⁃disordered breathing, CSVD and non⁃breathing⁃related sleep disorders, respectively, to improve the understanding of the correlation between the two diseases, and to promote the comprehensive management and intervention research of CSVD.