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Peanut oil body (POB), which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive substances, is widely used in cosmetics, food, and medicine. Compared with synthetic emulsifiers, peanut oil bodies have health advantages as natural emulsions. The physicochemical properties of oil bodies affect their food processing applications. To improve peanut oil body yield, cell-wall-breaking enzymes were screened for aqueous enzymatic extraction. The optimum conditions were as follows: enzymatic hydrolysis time, 2 h; material-to-liquid ratio, 1 : 5 (m/v); enzyme concentration, 2% (v/m); and temperature, 50°C. Oil body stability was closely related to pH. With increasing pH, the average particle size and zeta-potential of the oil bodies increased, indicating aggregation, as confirmed by microstructure analysis. At pH 11, exogenous proteins at the oil body interface were eluted, leaving endogenous proteins, which led to a decreased interfacial protein content and oil body aggregation. Therefore, oil body stability decreased under alkaline pH conditions, but no demulsification occurred.