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Concurrent infections caused by multiple fungal pathogens in immunocompromised patients can pose diagnostic and treatment challenges. Here, we presented the first reported case in Taiwan of an AIDS patient who had concurrent infection with <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> meningitis and <i>Talaromyces amestolkiae</i> lymphadenopathy. The patient presented with an enlarged inguinal lymph node and was diagnosed with <i>T. amestolkiae</i> lymphadenitis. The species <i>T. amestolkiae</i> was identified using DNA sequencing, which had the capability of differentiating it from other <i>Talaromyces</i> species. The patient was discharged from the hospital following treatment with amphotericin B and subsequent administration of voriconazole. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a suspicion of co-infections and utilizing appropriate diagnostic tools, such as DNA sequencing, to identify possible pathogens. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal treatment for <i>T. amestolkiae</i> and other co-infecting fungal pathogens.