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The minimal flavor structures for both quarks and leptons are proposed to address fermion mass hierarchy and flavor mixings by bi-unitary decomposition of the fermion mass matrix. The real matrix M0f is completely responsive to family mass hierarchy, which is expressed by a close-to-flat matrix structure. The left-handed unitary phase FLf provides the origin of CP violation in quark and lepton mixings, which can be explained as a quantum effect between Yukawa interaction states and weak gauge states. The minimal flavor structure is realized by just 10 parameters without any redundancy, corresponding to 6 fermion masses, 3 mixing angles and 1 CP violation in the quark/lepton sector. This approach provides a general flavor structure independent of the specific quark or lepton flavor data. We verify the validation of the flavor structure by reproducing quark/lepton masses and mixings. Some possible scenarios that yield the flavor structure are also discussed.