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<b>AIM:</b>To investigate the effect of intravitreal injection of DL-alpha-aminoadipic acid (DL-α-AAA) on ocular refractive state and retinal dopamine, transforming growth factor-β2 (TGFβ2), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in guinea pig form-deprived myopia.<b>METHODS:</b>Four-week-old pigmented guinea pigs were randomly assigned to 4 groups:normal control, deprivation, deprivation plus DL-α-AAA, deprivation plus saline. Form deprivation was induced with the self-made translucent eye shields, and lasted for 14 days. 8μg DL-α-AAA was injected into the vitreous chamber of deprived eyes. The corneal radius of curvature, refraction and axial length were measured. Retinal dopamine content was evaluated by the high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, and TGFβ2 and VIP protein were detected by Western blotting.<b>RESULTS:</b>Fourteen days of eye occlusion caused the axial length to elongate and become myopic in the form-deprived eyes, with the decrease of retinal dopamine and the increase of TGFβ2 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) protein. Intravitreal injection of DL-α-AAA could inhibit the myopic shift from (-3.65±1.06)D to (-1.48±0.63)D, <i>P</i><0.01 due to goggles occluding and cause the decrease of retinal TGFβ2 protein in the deprived eyes. However, intravitreal injection of DL-α-AAA had no significant effect on retinal dopamine and VIP protein in deprived eyes. Retinal TGFβ2 protein correlated highly with the ocular refraction (<i>y</i>=-3.34+0.31/<i>x</i>, <i>F</i>=74.75, <i>P</i><0.001) and axial length (<i>y</i>=8.39-0.02/<i>x</i>, <i>F</i>=48.32, <i>P</i><0.001) in different treatment groups.<b>CONCLUSION:</b>Intravitreal injection of DL-α-AAA is effectively able to suppress the development of form deprivation myopia, which may be associated with retinal TGFβ2 protein in guinea pigs.