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The illuminance index has been widely used in the field of photometry, although the luminance contains more information on not only light intensity but also light direction. In this study, we clarify which photometric index is more competent to describe the influence of lighting environment on human eye. In this study, we propose a novel methodology to investigate the photo-biological effect of the lighting environment by human factor experiment. With the human factor experiments performed on 20 participants, we compare the variations of ocular responses during the Landolt-rings-counting visual task in lighting environments with similar illuminance while distinct luminance changes. With the same Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) and Spectral Power Distribution (SPD), optical performances with similar illuminance values present quite different influences on ocular responses, and the response variations are found to vary with luminance values. It is implied that the regularity of luminance influence on the ocular responses to lighting environment is likely to be dependent on luminance value instead of illuminance, and the photometric index luminance seems more appropriate to be used to assess the lighting quality in standards.