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Anemia is one of the most frequent complications of inflammatory bowel diseases, which occur, according to various sources, in 6–74% of patients with these forms of pathology. The pathogenesis and treatment of anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases have a number of peculiarities. Thus, for example, not every anemia — iron deficiency and, accordingly, its correction is limited to only iron administration. The review analyzed the multifactorial nature of anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases, its influence on the course, and prognosis of the main disease; modern therapeutic agents are described.