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The surface roughness (Ra) of indirect computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated dental restorations is crucial for their long-term durability. This study intended to evaluate the Ra of five different types of contemporary indirect CAD/CAM restorative materials with varying compositions that were glazed and finished/polished. A total of 75 specimens, disc-shaped (10 mm × 2 mm), were obtained from five materials (<i>n</i> = 15) (Tetric CAD, IPS e.max CAD, IPS e.max ZirCAD, CELTRA Duo, and Vita Enamic) and fabricated by CAD/CAM. One of the two surfaces for each specimen was subjected to glazing, while the other surface was subjected to finishing/polishing. The Ra of the two surfaces in micrometers (μm) was evaluated using a Profilometer, while the surface topography was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Using SPSS, the Kruskal–Wallis, post hoc Conover, and Mann–Whitney tests were used to statistically evaluate the data. A comparison of the Ra for the finished/polished surfaces of the five test materials showed significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Among the finished/polished surfaces, the mean rank values of Vita Enamic were significantly higher than the other four test materials (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). A comparison of the Ra of glazed surfaces among the five study materials revealed significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The Ra for the IPS e.max ZirCAD material was significantly higher than the rest of the four materials (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A comparison of the Ra for two types of surface conditioning within each of the five test materials showed a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Only for IPS e.max ZirCAD was the Ra of the glazed surface significantly higher than the finished/polished surface (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Significant variations in the surface roughness (Ra) were exhibited between the finished/polished and glazed surfaces of the five test materials. Hybrid ceramics showed the highest Ra values for the finished/polished surfaces, and zirconia exhibited the highest Ra values among the glazed surfaces among the tested materials. The Ra values of either finished/polished or glazed surfaces of the test materials were within the clinically acceptable range (0.2–0.5 μm), except for the glazed surface of the zirconia ceramics (0.84 μm).