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Objective Gestational hypertension (GH) is an important pregnancy complication. Sparse studies have shown a correlation between this complication and psychological disorders in patients. In this study, we aimed to assess the possible association between affective temperaments and GH. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on women with GH hospitalized in hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, compared with healthy women admitted for normal delivery in the same centers during the study. Data were collected via Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) 21. Results TEMPS-A revealed that scores anxious (P < 0.001) temperament was significantly higher in GH patients than in controls. Anxious temperament scores ≥9 were independently associated with GH (odds ratio = 2.768, 95% confidence interval = 1.586–4.832; P < 0.001). Moreover, the mean depression, anxiety, and stress scores in DASS-21 were significantly higher in the GH patients compared with controls (P = 0.014, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Affective temperaments, particularly anxious temperament, can be potentially involved in the development of GH and its cardiovascular risk during pregnancy.