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Context Bariatric surgery has proven to be the most effective method of treating severe obesity. Nevertheless, the acceptance of bariatric surgery is still questioned. The surgical complications observed in the early postoperative period following surgeries performed to treat severe obesity are similar to those associated with other major surgeries of the gastrointestinal tract. However, given the more frequent occurrence of medical comorbidities, these patients require special attention in the early postoperative follow-up. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of these complications are directly associated with a greater probability of control. Method The medical records of 538 morbidly obese patients who underwent surgical treatment (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery) were reviewed. Ninety-three (17.2%) patients were male and 445 (82.8%) were female. The ages of the patients ranged from 18 to 70 years (average = 46), and their body mass indices ranged from 34.6 to 77&#8197;kg/m2. Results Early complications occurred in 9.6% and were distributed as follows: 2.6% presented bleeding, intestinal obstruction occurred in 1.1%, peritoneal infections occurred in 3.2%, and 2.2% developed abdominal wall infections that required hospitalization. Three (0.5%) patients experienced pulmonary thromboembolism. The mortality rate was 0,55%. Conclusion The incidence of early complications was low. The diagnosis of these complications was mostly clinical, based on the presence of signs and symptoms. The value of the clinical signs and early treatment, specially in cases of sepsis, were essential to the favorable surgical outcome. The mortality was mainly related to thromboembolism and advanced age, over 65 years.<br> Contexto A cirurgia bari&#225;trica tem mostrado ser o m&#233;todo mais eficaz de tratamento da obesidade grave. No entanto, sua aceita&#231;&#227;o como terapia padr&#227;o-ouro ainda &#233; questionada. As complica&#231;&#245;es cir&#250;rgicas observadas no in&#237;cio do per&#237;odo p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio de cirurgias para o tratamento da obesidade grave s&#227;o semelhantes aos associados a outras cirurgias de grande porte do trato gastrointestinal. N&#227;o obstante, dada a ocorr&#234;ncia mais frequente de comorbidades associadas &#224; obesidade m&#243;rbida, esses pacientes necessitam de aten&#231;&#227;o especial no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio. O diagn&#243;stico precoce e o tratamento adequado dessas complica&#231;&#245;es est&#227;o diretamente associadas a maior probabilidade de controle cl&#237;nico. M&#233;todo Os prontu&#225;rios de 538 pacientes obesos m&#243;rbidos submetidos a tratamento cir&#250;rgico (bypass g&#225;strico em Y-de-Roux) foram revisados. Noventa e tr&#234;s (17,2%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 445 (82,8%) eram do sexo feminino. As idades dos pacientes variaram de 18 a 70 anos (m&#233;dia = 46) e seus &#237;ndices de massa corporal variaram entre 34,6-77&#8197;kg/m2. Resultados As complica&#231;&#245;es imediatas ocorreram em 9,6% e foram distribu&#237;dos da seguinte forma: 2,6% apresentaram sangramento, obstru&#231;&#227;o intestinal ocorreu em 1.1%, infec&#231;&#245;es peritoniais ocorreram em 3,2% e 2,2% desenvolveram infec&#231;&#245;es da parede abdominal requerendo hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o. Tr&#234;s (0,5%) pacientes tiveram tromboembolismo pulmonar. Conclus&#227;o A padroniza&#231;&#227;o de cirurgia para o tratamento da obesidade m&#243;rbida tem contribu&#237;do significativamente para os baixos &#237;ndices de complica&#231;&#245;es e mortalidade. A incid&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es precoces foi baixa. O diagn&#243;stico destas complica&#231;&#245;es foi essencialmente cl&#237;nico, com base na presen&#231;a de sinais e sintomas. O valor dos sinais cl&#237;nicos e tratamento precoce, especialmente em casos de sepse, foram essenciais para o resultado cir&#250;rgico favor&#225;vel. A mortalidade foi principalmente relacionada com tromboembolismo e idade avan&#231;ada, acima de 65 anos.