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Community-acquired pneumonia caused by <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> or <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> is usually mild. <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>-related and <i>C. pneumoniae</i>-related acute respiratory distress syndromes (ARDSs) are rare. Moreover, to our knowledge, there are no published reports on ARDS caused by <i>M. pneumoniae</i> and <i>C. pneumoniae</i> coinfection. Here, we report a case of an immunocompetent young woman who was co-infected with <i>M. pneumoniae</i> and <i>C. pneumoniae</i> and was started on treatment with piperacillin and clarithromycin. Two days later, she developed ARDS. She recovered rapidly following a change of antibiotic treatment to levofloxacin and was discharged on day 12. We conducted exome sequencing followed by alternative filtering to search for candidate ARDS-related genes. We identified an intronic variant of unknown significance within leucine-rich repeat-containing 16A (<i>LRRC16A</i>), a gene previously identified as a significant locus for platelet count with a possible role in ARDS. This is a rare case of ARDS in a young adult caused by <i>M. pneumoniae</i> and <i>C. pneumoniae</i> coinfection. This case suggests that ARDS in young adults may be correlated with variants in <i>LRRC16A</i>. This requires confirmation by further case reports.