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Chronic gingivitis and periodontitis are common inflammatory conditions of the periodontal tissues. Given the ‘right’ concurrence of risk factors, a person with periodontitis can experience significant destruction of tooth-supporting bone, ultimately resulting in tooth loss. Poorly controlled diabetes is an important risk factor for periodontitis, and gingivitis and periodontitis are sometimes the first sign that a patient has diabetes. As severe periodontitis can lead to the loss of teeth, it is important that patients with diabetes practise good oral hygiene and have regular dental check-ups so that problems can be detected quickly