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In order to improve the wear resistance of Fe-B surfacing alloy, plasma surfacing technology was used to clad Fe-B-Cr surfacing alloy layers with different chromium contents on the surface of Q235 steel material. The effect of Cr element content on the microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of Fe-B-Cr surfacing alloy was studied by using metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Results showed that with the increase of Cr content, Cr was solidly soluble in Fe and Fe₂B, and the surfacing alloy was composed of (Fe, Cr) and (Fe, Cr)₂B. The increase of Cr content did not cause the formation of new phases in Fe-B surfacing alloy, and the alloy structure was composed of eutectic structures of Fe₂B and Fe+Fe₂B. Meanwhile, the addition of Cr element significantly improved the hardness and wear resistance of Fe-B surfacing alloy. The hardness of Cr-2 was considerably higher than that of Cr-0. With the continuous increase of Cr content, the hardness value of the surfacing alloy showed an upward trend, and the surface hardness of the Cr-10 surfacing layer was as high as 67 HRC. Moreover, the wear of the Cr-10 surfacing layer was minimized to 0.0275 g, and its relative wear resistance increased by 375% compared to Cr-0.