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Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), with their intrinsic structural regularity and modifiable chemical functionality, have burgeoned as a pivotal material in the realm of photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) synthesis. This article reviews the recent advancements and multifaceted approaches employed in using the unique properties of COFs for high-efficient photocatalytic H₂O₂ production. We first introduced COFs and their advantages in the photocatalytic synthesis of H₂O₂. Subsequently, we spotlight the principles and evaluation of photocatalytic H₂O₂ generation, followed by various strategies for the incorporation of active sites aiming to optimize the separation and transfer of photoinduced charge carriers. Finally, we explore the challenges and future prospects, emphasizing the necessity for a deeper mechanistic understanding and the development of scalable and economically viable COF-based photocatalysts for sustainable H₂O₂ production.