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Antibiotic resistance has emerged mainly through the use of antibiotics as biostimulators, in the preservation of animal foods or most often through the administration of antibiotics irrationally, without a prescription and antibiogram. The article presents the ways to install antimicrobial resistance and evaluates the effectiveness of antimicrobials (antibiotics and antifungals). The main ways of spreading and installing resistance as well as its consequences globally, the mechanisms of transmission of resistance in nature and tests to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-infectives (biological, physicochemical, in vitro, molecular techniques, etc.) are presented.