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Introduction: End stage renal disease (ESRD) has become a universal public health problem. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is immune deficient state. So, they may be infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) during hemodialysis. This becomes an important cause of morbidity and mortality among patients of hemodialysis. Objectives: To find out the seroprevalence and incidence rate of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections in CKD patients on hemodialysis in a tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: A total of 380 blood samples were collected from CKD stage V patients on hemodialysis. The serum samples tested for HBsAg and anti-HCV by Vitros ECiQ (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics) system, 3rd generation. Positive results for HBsAg & anti-HCV reactive by chemiluminescence method (VITROS ECiQ), was confirmed by enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay method by using mini VIDAS, BioMerieux. Results: Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (6.57%) is higher than hepatitis B virus (1.84%). Incidence rate of HBV is 5.2 per 1000 cases in the institution. The incidence rate of HCV is 0 per 1000 cases per year. Discussion: In the present study, the prevalence of HBV infection in HD patients was 1.84% and the prevalence of HCV infection in HD patients was 6.57%. The variations in prevalence of HBV and HCV depend mainly on the strict adherence to universal infection control precautions. This will decrease the HBV and HCV prevalence rate among these patients. Conclusion: Chronic renal failure (CRF) patients who undergo repeated HD are at high risk of developing HBV and HCV. Proper monitoring for the early detection is required. Blood-transfusion, duration of dialysis, vaccinations are important risk factor for infection.