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Objectives The aim of the article is to present the changes in the education – from transmissive teaching to transformative learning. Material and methods The article presents the basic assumptions and definitions of learning, teaching and education. Next, the main learning paradigms are shown: transmissive, behavioral, cognitive and constructive. Transformative learning – key to this work, is based on the paradigmatic framework of social constructivism, but it is clearly related to critical theories. Results Transformative learning is presented as the most appropriate educational pattern corresponding to the modern times. The final considerations show transformative learning in relation to contemporary educational, national, European and global regulations. Conclusions Transmissiveness, behaviorism, and cognitivism are not able to cope with contemporary educational challenges. Constructivism and its critical variant can - successfully - meet contemporary educational challenges.