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Hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) is a common clinical complication of hyperuricemia, leading to hyperuricemia-associated renal abnormalities. The present review sheds light on the mechanistic aspects pertaining to HN, emphasizing the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the occurrence and development of HN.This review recommends pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 infammasome as a therapeutic strategy of HN treatment.