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Jens Tilma,1 Mette Nørgaard,1 Kim Lyngby Mikkelsen,2 Søren Paaske Johnsen1 1Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, 2Danish Patient Compensation Association, Copenhagen, Denmark Abstract: Any patient in the Danish health care system who experiences a treatment injury can make a compensation claim to the Danish Patient Compensation Association (DPCA) free of charge. The aim of this paper is to describe the DPCA database as a source of data for epidemiological research. Data to DPCA are collected prospectively on all claims and include information on patient factors and health records, system factors, and administrative data. Approval of claims is based on injury due to the principle of treatment below experienced specialist standard or intolerable, unexpected extensiveness of injury. Average processing time of a compensation claim is 6–8 months. Data collection is nationwide and started in 1992. The patient's central registration system number, a unique personal identifier, allows for data linkage to other registries such as the Danish National Patient Registry. The DPCA data are accessible for research following data usage permission and make it possible to analyze all claims or specific subgroups to identify predictors, outcomes, etc. DPCA data have until now been used only in few studies but could be a useful data source in future studies of health care-related injuries. Keywords: public health care, treatment injuries, no-fault compensation, registries, research, Denmark