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Peripheral neuropathy associated with viral hepatitis may manifest polyneuropathy and mononeuropathy. The most frequently reported peripheral neuropathy in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected patients is demyelinating neuropathy and pathogenesis probably relates to immune abnormalities. Axonal neuropathy is more common in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. Pathogenesis relates to mixed cryoglobulinemia and vasculitis. In some cases, antiviral therapy may induce nerve damage. Although there are no definite treatment guidelines, immunomodulating agents are most often used with favorable outcomes. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.04.022