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AIM:To explore the correlation between glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and inflammatory factors in aqueous humor and serum in patients with diabetic cataract. <p>METHODS:Sixty-nine patients with diabetic cataract and sixty-five patients with simple cataract were randomly selected from February 2017 to January 2018 in our hospital. The fasting blood glucose(FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)in serum, and IGF-1, IL-6 in aqueous humorand serum were compared between the two groups. HbA1c,HOMA-IR, IGF-1 and IL-6 for correlation were analyzed respectively.<p>RESULTS: The levels of FPG,HbA1c, HOMA-IR in serum, and IGF-1, IL-6 in aqueous humor and serum in the control group were significantly lower than those in the observation group(<i>P</i><0.05). Positive correlation between HbA1c and IGF-1, IL-6 in aqueous humor and serum(<i>P</i><0.05). Positive correlation between HOMA-IR and IGF-1, IL-6 in aqueous humorand serum(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: HbA1c and HOMA-IR in diabetic cataract patients are correlated with IGF-1 and IL-6 contents in aqueous humor and serum. The above indicators can be used to determine the condition.