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Switchgrass (<em>Panicum virgatum</em>) fermentation by <em>Clostridium thermocellum</em> and <em>Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum</em> sequential culture in a continuous flow reactor
oleh: Noelia M. Elía, Sue E Nokes, Michael D. Flythe
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | AIMS Press 2016-01-01 |
Deskripsi
The study was conducted to evaluate fermentation by <em>Clostridium thermocellum </em>and <em>C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum</em> in a continuous-flow, high-solids reactor. Liquid medium was continuously flowed through switchgrass (2 mm particle size) at one of three flow rates: 83.33 mL h<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup> (2 L d<sup>−1</sup>), 41.66 mL h<sup>−1 </sup>(1 L d<sup>−1</sup>), and 20.833 mL h<sup>−1 </sup>(0.5 L d<sup>−1</sup>). The cellulolytic phase was initiated by culturing <em>C. thermocellum</em> (63 °C, 24 h). The temperature was decreased (35) and <em>C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum</em> was inoculated. When metabolism decreased (96 h), the temperature was increased (63 °C; 24 h) to permit cellulosome production by <em>C. thermocellum</em>. The <em>C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum </em>was re-inoculated and the temperature returned to 35°C. The average gross production over 9 d was 1480 mg total acids (formic, acetic lactic butyric), 207 mg total solvents (acetone, butanol, ethanol), and average dry matter disappearance was 2.8 g from 25 g non-pretreated switchgrass. There was no effect of flow rate on the product formation. These results indicate that <em>C. thermocellum</em> can survive and produce cellulases with <em>C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum</em>in a continuous-flow, high-solids reactor temperature with temperature cycling.