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Objective To discuss the regulating effect of stored red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion on BMDMs in inflammatory conditions, and the relationship between stored RBCs transfusion and inflammatory response induced by bacterial infection. Methods Forty C57BL/6 male mice of 6-8 weeks (18-22 g/mouse) were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Each mouse was infected with 200 µL Pseudomonas aeruginosa injecting into the tail vein, and 400 µL fresh (storage >14 d) and stored RBCs (storage <24 h) suspension was infused through the posterior venous plexus into the isoflurane anesthetized mice (1%-3%). The BMDMs of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected mice were cultured, and CD86, CD197, CD209 in BMDMs were detected using FCM (flow cytometry) technique. The livers were removed 2, 4 and 8 hours after RBCs infused, then F4/80, M1 and M2 in liver tissues were tested using qRT-PCR. The data were analyzed using statistical software 17.0. Results CD86 and CD197 (%) of experimental group and control group were 86 88±1.01 vs 79.24±2.65 and 38.59± 3.73 vs 25.95+0.86 (P<0.05), and CD209 (%) were 23.88±2.23 vs 21.91+3.58 (P>0.05). F4/80 of experimental group and control group 2, 4 and 8 hours after RBCs infused were 1.83±0.11 vs 0.75±0.06, 0.46±0.06 vs 0.33±0.06 (P<0.05) and 0.33± 0.03 vs 0.35±0.05 (P>0.05), respectively. iNOS, TNF-α, MCP1 of M1 in liver of experimental group and control group 2, 4 and 8 hours after RBCs infused were respectively: iNOS 3.44±0.20 vs 2.46±0.08, 9.25±0.55 vs 2.67±0.12, 2.80±0.08 vs 2.39 ±0.01; TNF-α 1.69±0.22 vs 1.13±0.03, 1.44±0.24 vs 0.96±0.09, 1.31±0.05 vs 0.96±0.06; MCP1 4.96±0.08 vs 4.28±0.27, 4.63±0.04 vs 2.07±0.09, 2.28±0.19 vs 1.33±0.03 (P<0.05). Arg1, Mrc2 and CD163 of M2 were respectively: Arg1 0.81±0.21 vs 0.82±0.18, 0.66±0.11 vs 0.58±0.09, 0.39±0.17 vs 0.37±0.15; Mrc2 0.99±0.91 vs 0.97±0.08, 0.98±0.12 vs 1.02±0.11, 0.59±0.19 vs 0.57±0.08; CD163 1.75±0.20 vs 1.69±0.18, 0.22±0.02 vs 0.21±0.01, 0.04±0.01 vs 0.03±0.01 (P>0.05). Conclusion Stored RBCs infusion can greatly promote the M1 polarization of BMDMs in liver.