Experimental Investigation of the Generalized Euler Characteristic of the Networks Split at Edges

oleh: Omer Farooq, Afshin Akhshani, Małgorzata Białous, Szymon Bauch, Michał Ławniczak, Leszek Sirko

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2022-10-01

Deskripsi

We discuss a connection between the generalized Euler characteristic <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="script">E</mi><mi>o</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>|</mo></mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>o</mi></msub></msub><mrow><mo>|</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of the original graph which was split at edges into two separate subgraphs and their generalized Euler characteristics <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="script">E</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>|</mo></mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msub><mrow><mo>|</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>|</mo></mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>o</mi></msub></msub><mrow><mo>|</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mo>|</mo></mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msub><mrow><mo>|</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> are the numbers of vertices with the Dirichlet boundary conditions in the graphs. Applying microwave networks which simulate quantum graphs, we show that the experimental determination of the generalized Euler characteristics <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="script">E</mi><mi>o</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>|</mo></mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>o</mi></msub></msub><mrow><mo>|</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi mathvariant="script">E</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>|</mo></mrow><msub><mi>V</mi><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msub><mrow><mo>|</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> allows finding the number of edges in which the subnetworks were connected.