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Orientation mapping based on electron back scattering diffraction technique was applied to reveal the distributions of disorientations and rotation axes of grains caused by plastic slip and twinning during channel die compression in magnesium alloy ZA31. In addition, the orientations of dynamically recrystallized grains and deformed grains were separated and compared with respect to their initial textures. The relationship of strain and {1012} twin amount was determined quantitatively by referring to twin orientations. The reasons leading to the observed phenomena are analyzed and discussed.