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Titanium Ti6Al4V alloy is a superior material that has extremely high strength, hardness and good anti-corrosion resistance. Dynamic shear-compression experiments were carried out on the alloy to investigate the micro-mechanisms of adiabatic shear banding (ASB) formation. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) setup were used for the tests at high strain rates. It was found that the shear deformation localization (SDL) was considerably affected by the complex loading conditions. The micro-mechanisms for the ASB formation relied on different shear compressive proportion of loadings (SCLPs). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations showed that the ASB width was related with the SCLP and the fracture failure of alloy was induced by the nucleation and growth of microvoids. In transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, the microstructural changes of material within the ASB were characterized by dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and twining grain formation, dislocation migration, and stacking and grain refining processes. The results in this article demonstrates a complex image of microstructural evolution of alloy in the shear localization process.