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In this note, the author takes a brief look at the vast and varied literature on the problems of economic development that has given rise in Italy, and which is mostly unknown abroad. The problems of unemployment and the inadequate supply of savings and capital that were particularly serious immediately after the war are first highlighted. The studies that can be linked to the discussion on Point Four are then examined. Finally, bearing in mind the problems created by attempts to develop Southern Italy, the so-called “southern question” is considered in relation to its place among the complex of issues raised by recent theories of economic development.   JEL: O10, O20