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<i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> and closely related species are common fungi on various plants, cultivated in different climatic regions. The aim of this study was to determine the taxonomic affiliations of the <i>F. avenaceum</i>, <i>Fusarium arthrosporioides,</i> and <i>Fusarium anguioides</i> strains by using morphological, physiological and molecular-genetic approaches. Twenty-six single-spored morphologically identified strains, which were mainly from cereals, were investigated in order to find out, if they belong to a separate species. Pathogenicity of strains to wheat seedlings and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) fingerprint and beta-tubulin DNA sequence patterns were analyzed. According to phylogenetic analyses, the strains could be divided into two big groups consisting of mostly <i>F. avenaceum</i> or <i>F. anguioides</i> strains. <i>F. arthrosporioides</i> was not detected as a separate species by the sum of the characters. <i>F. anguioides</i> was characterized as a separate species, which could be identified by morphological and molecular data. High genetic diversity of the <i>F. avenaceum</i> and related species was revealed. One <i>F. anguioides</i> strain (rudbeckia, Vladivostok, Russia), had an identical beta-tubulin sequence with two previously sequenced strains of <i>Fusarium tricinctum</i> species complex, which were isolated from dicotyledonous plants in Asia.