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Background: This study explores the impact of dietary interventions with live or inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri HM1 probiotics on metabolic health in mice. Methods: After inducing obesity in 24 mice with a high-fat diet, they transitioned to a standard chow diet (SCD) while receiving a daily oral placebo, live HM1, heat-killed HM1 (HK-HM1), or sonication-killed HM1 (SK-HM1) for 6 weeks. Results: Results indicate that SCD with live HM1 significantly improved triglyceride levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity. SK-HM1 improved perirenal fat inflammation and reduced serum leptin concentration, while HK-HM1 showed improvements in inflammation in fat tissues and reduced serum IL-6, leptin, and catalase protein levels. Both HK-HM1 and SK-HM1 reduced colon IL-6, TGF-β1, and IL-1β cytokine levels, with HK-HM1 having the most significant effect. Conclusions: These findings underscore the potential of dietary interventions with HM1 probiotics to enhance metabolic health, revealing distinct benefits between live and inactivated forms.