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Since the end of severity´s petroleum industry has become the basis of mexican economy and its crucial role in the organization of regional and national space is unquestionable. The petroleum bloom developed during this period has originated a succesion of complex and intimately correlated territorial changes, showing qualitative differences according to the spatial level analysed. In this paper, the main processes of territorial change presented in ancient and new petroleum spaces since the seventy´s bloom are studied and the role of petroleum industry as a factor of regional development is also pointed out.