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Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the entrance surface dose (ESD) and effective doses (ED) in postmenopausal women using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). It also tried to determine the correlations between ESD and ED and height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Methods: Thermo luminescent dosimeters (TLD-GR200) and abdominal CT scans were used for patient dosimetry. The correlation coefficients and regression analysis was applied for 43 postmenopausal women who referred to Seyed Alshohada Hospital in Isfahan. Findings: Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between ESD and BMI (r = 0.885; P < 0.001) and weight (r = 0745; P < 0.001). However, there was an indirect correlation between ESD and height (r = -0.258; P = 0.047). Pearson's correlation analysis also showed an indirect correlation between ED and BMI (r = -0.651; P < 0.001), height (r = -0.346; P < 0.001) and weight (r = -0.811; P < 0.001). Mean values of ED and ESD were respectively determined as 0.50 µSv (0.26-0.95) and 9.54 µSv (7.25-12.65) for the anterior posterior (AP) spine scans. Conclusion: Our results showed that the exposure in bone densitometry with a Norland XR-46 system was very low (0.50 µSv). In fact, these values were much lower than the average daily background in the UK (7 µSv).