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Abstract Background To study the concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in peritoneal fluid (PF) and serum, and to evaluate their expressions by PF and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PFMCs and PBMCs, respectively), and ectopic and eutopic endometrial stromal cells of patients with endometriosis (EESCs and EuESCs, respectively) compared with controls. Methods The concentrations of mentioned cytokines in serum and PF, as well as their expression in PBMCs, PFMCs, EuESCs and EESCs from endometriosis patients and controls were assessed. Results The levels of MCP-1, HGF, and IGF-1 in serum and PF in women with endometriosis were significantly higher than the controls (P < 0.05–P < 0.001). Gene expression of MCP-1 and IGF-1 in the PFMCs, PBMCs and EESCs also showed an increased level compared to controls (P < 0.05–P < 0.01). The protein expression of MCP-1 and IGF-1 by PFMCs was statistically higher in endometriotic women (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The gene and protein expression of HGF in PFMCs and its gene expression by EESCs were significantly higher in endometriotic women compared to controls (P < 0.05–P < 0.01). Conclusions The higher concentrations of mentioned cytokines in serum and PF and their higher expression by PFMCs and EESCs in endometriosis patients may contribute to the development of endometriosis.