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<i>Drosophila</i> is a well-established insect model system for studying various physiological phenomena and developmental processes, with a focus on gene regulation. <i>Drosophila</i> development is controlled by programmed regulatory mechanisms specific to individual tissues. When key developmental processes are shared among various insects, the associated regulatory networks are believed to be conserved across insects. Thus, studies of developmental regulation in <i>Drosophila</i> have substantially contributed to our understanding of insect development. Over the past two decades, studies on microRNAs (miRNAs) in <i>Drosophila</i> have revealed their crucial regulatory roles in various developmental processes. This review focuses on the biological roles of miRNAs in specific tissues and processes associated with <i>Drosophila</i> development. Additionally, as a future direction, we discuss sequencing technologies that can analyze the interactions between miRNAs and their target genes, with the aim of enhancing miRNA studies in <i>Drosophila</i> development.