Immunostaining Protocol: P-Smad2 (Xenograft and Mice)
oleh: Alexandre Calon, Elisa Espinet, Sergio Palomo-Ponce, Daniele Tauriello, Mar Iglesias, María Céspedes, Marta Sevillano, Cristina Nadal, Peter Jung, Xiang Zhang, Daniel Byrom, Antoni Riera, David Rossell, Ramón Mangues, Joan Massague, Elena Sancho, Eduard Batlle
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | Bio-protocol LLC 2014-05-01 |
Deskripsi
Metastasis depends on a gene program expressed by the tumor microenvironment upon TGF-beta stimulation. CRC (Colorectal cancer) cell lines did not induce robust stromal TGF-beta responses when injected into nude mice as shown by lack of p-SMAD2 accumulation in tumor-associated stromal cells. To enforce high TGF-beta signaling in xenografts, we engineered CRC cell lines to secrete active TGF-beta. Subcutaneous tumors obtained from HT29-M6TGF-β, KM12L4aTGF-β cells and SW48TGF-β cells contained abundant p-SMAD2+ stromal cells.