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Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on the <i>Hprt</i> Gene Mutations in V79 Hamster Cells
oleh: Alena Kazimirova, Naouale El Yamani, Laura Rubio, Alba García-Rodríguez, Magdalena Barancokova, Ricard Marcos, Maria Dusinska
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2020-03-01 |
Deskripsi
The genotoxicity of anatase/rutile TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, NM105 at 3, 15 and 75 µg/cm<sup>2</sup>) was assessed with the mammalian in-vitro Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (<i>Hprt</i>) gene mutation test in Chinese hamster lung (V79) fibroblasts after 24 h exposure. Two dispersion procedures giving different size distribution and dispersion stability were used to investigate whether the effects of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs depend on the state of agglomeration. TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were fully characterised in the previous European FP7 projects NanoTEST and NanoREG2. Uptake of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs were found in cytoplasmic vesicles, as well as close to the nucleus. The internalisation of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs did not depend on the state of agglomeration and dispersion used. The cytotoxicity of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was measured by determining both the relative growth activity (RGA) and the plating efficiency (PE). There were no substantial effects of exposure time (24, 48 and 72 h), although a tendency to lower RGA at longer exposure was observed. No significant difference in PE values and no increases in the <i>Hprt</i> gene mutant frequency were found in exposed relative to unexposed cultures in spite of evidence of uptake of NPs by cells.