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Background: Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are the most important arthropods in medicine and health because of the burden of diseases which they transmit such as malaria, encephalitis, filariasis. In 2011, the last checklist of mosquitoes of Guilan Province included 30 species representing 7 genera. Methods: Using the main data bases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID), IranMedex and Magiran which were searched up to August 2018 and reviewing the literature, the available data about the mosquito-borne diseases of Iran and Guilan Province were extracted and analyzed. Also the checklist of mosquitoes of Guilan Province was updated. Results: One protozoal disease (human malaria), two arboviral diseases (West Nile fever, bovine ephemeral fever), two helminthic diseases (dirofilariasis, setariasis) and one bacterial disease (anthrax) have been found in Guilan Province which biologically or mechanically are assumed to transmit by mosquitoes. The updated checklist of mosquitoes of Guilan Province is presented containing 33 species representing 7 or 9 genera according different classifications of the tribe Aedini. Conclusion: There is no information about the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of bovine ephemeral fever and anthrax in Iran and Guilan Province. Also the vectors of dirofilariasis and setariasis are not known in Guilan Province and available data belong to other provinces. It seems that the role of arthropods in the epidemiology of anthrax is not important.